Tree Acacia Mellifera (Blackthorn or Honey acacia) | 3.5 - 4.0 m | 16 cm girth

Acacia mellifera, commonly known as blackthorn or honey acacia, is a hardy, spiny shrub or small tree native to arid and semi-arid regions of Africa and the Middle East. It’s valued for its resilience in dry climates, its role in ecosystems, and its use in traditional practices.

🔍 Key Facts
Scientific name: Acacia mellifera (some classifications: Vachellia mellifera)

Common names: Blackthorn, honey acacia, swarthaak (Afrikaans)

Family: Fabaceae (legume family)

Native range: Sub-Saharan Africa, Arabian Peninsula

Height: Typically 2–5 meters (6–16 feet); occasionally taller

Growth form: Multi-stemmed shrub or small tree with a spreading canopy

Leaves: Bipinnate, small leaflets adapted to reduce water loss

Thorns: Sharp, often paired

Flowers: Creamy white, fragrant, in small round clusters

Fruit: Flat, brown seed pods

🌿 Growing Conditions
Light: Full sun

Soil: Tolerates poor, dry, sandy or rocky soils; prefers well-drained conditions

Water: Extremely drought-tolerant

Climate: Arid and semi-arid regions; highly heat- and drought-resistant

Propagation: By seeds, which may require scarification for better germination

🌳 Uses & Importance
Ecological:

Nitrogen-fixing tree that improves soil fertility

Important forage and shelter for wildlife and livestock

Apiculture: Flowers are excellent nectar sources—hence the name mellifera (“honey-bearing”)

Fodder: Leaves and pods eaten by goats and camels during dry seasons

Fuelwood: Dense wood burns well, commonly used for firewood and charcoal

Traditional medicine: Used to treat ailments like colds, wounds, and digestive issues

Fencing: Naturally forms dense, thorny thickets, ideal for living fences